892 research outputs found
Fitting the Continuum Component of A Composite SDSS Quasar Spectrum Using CMA-ES
Fitting the continuum component of a quasar spectrum in UV/optical band is
challenging due to contamination of numerous emission lines. Traditional
fitting algorithms such as the least-square fitting and the Levenberg-Marquardt
algorithm (LMA) are fast but are sensitive to initial values of fitting
parameters. They cannot guarantee to find global optimum solutions when the
object functions have multiple minima. In this work, we attempt to fit a
typical quasar spectrum using the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution
Strategy (CMA-ES). The spectrum is generated by composing a number of real
quasar spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasar catalog data
release 3 (DR3) so it has a higher signal-to-noise ratio. The CMA-ES algorithm
is an evolutionary algorithm that is designed to find the global rather than
the local minima. The algorithm we implemented achieves an improved fitting
result than the LMA and unlike the LMA, it is independent of initial parameter
values. We are looking forward to implementing this algorithm to real quasar
spectra in UV/optical band.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, 5 table
On the link between associated MgII absorbers and star formation in quasar hosts
A few percent of quasars show strong associated MgII absorption, with
velocities (v_off) lying within a few thousand km/s from the quasar systemic
redshift. These associated absorption line systems (AALs) are usually
interpreted as absorbers that are either intrinsic to the quasar and its host,
or arising from external galaxies clustering around the quasar. Using composite
spectra of ~1,800 MgII AAL quasars selected from SDSS DR7 at 0.4<~ z<~2, we
show that quasars with AALs with v_off<1500 km/s have a prominent excess in
[OII]3727 emission (detected at >7sigma) at rest to the quasar host, compared
to unabsorbed quasars. We interpret this [OII] excess as due to enhanced star
formation in the quasar host. Our results suggest that a significant fraction
of AALs with v_off<1500 km/s are physically associated with the quasar and its
host, and are most likely large-scale flows with typical velocities of a few
hundred km/s. AAL quasars also have dust reddening lying between normal quasars
and the so-called dust-reddened quasars. We suggest that the unique properties
of AAL quasars can be explained if they are the transitional population from
heavily dust-reddened quasar to normal quasars in the formation process of
quasars and their hosts. This scenario predicts a larger fraction of young
bulges, disturbed morphologies and interactions of AAL quasar hosts compared to
normal quasars. The intrinsic link between associated absorbers and quasar
hosts opens a new window to probe massive galaxy formation and galactic-scale
feedback processes, and provides a crucial test of the evolutionary picture of
quasars.Comment: ApJ in press; v2 matched to the accepted version; table data included
in the source fil
Supermassive Black Hole Mass Estimates Using Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Spectra at 0.7 < z < 2
We present MgII-based black hole mass estimates for 27,602 quasars with
rest-frame UV spectra available in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release
Three. This estimation is possible due to the existence of an empirical
correlation between the radius of the broad line region and the continuum
luminosity at 3000 Angstroms. We regenerate this correlation by applying our
measurement method to UV spectra of low-redshift quasars in the HST/IUE
databases which have corresponding reverberation mapping estimates of the Hbeta
broad line region's radius. Our mass estimation method uses the line dispersion
rather than the full width at half maximum of the low-ionization MgII emission
line. We measure MgII line dispersions for quasars whose spectra have been
reconstructed using the most significant eigenspectra produced through
Principal Component Analysis. We have tested the reliability of using
reconstructed spectra in black hole mass estimation using a Monte Carlo
simulation and by comparing the results from original and reconstructed Data
Release Three spectra. We show that using reconstructed spectra not only makes
bias-free mass estimation possible for quasars with low spectroscopic
signal-to-noise ratio, but also reduces the intrinsic scatter of the
distribution of the black hole masses to lower than 0.15 dex.Comment: 38 Pages, 12 figures, 3 Tables, 1 hyperlink to catalogue data.
Accepted for publication in ApJ
Improved redshifts for SDSS quasar spectra
A systematic investigation of the relationship between different redshift
estimation schemes for more than 91000 quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
(SDSS) Data Release 6 (DR6) is presented. The publicly available SDSS quasar
redshifts are shown to possess systematic biases of Dz/(1+z)>=0.002 (600km/s)
over both small (dz~0.1) and large (dz~1) redshift intervals. Empirical
relationships between redshifts based on i) CaII H & K host galaxy absorption,
ii) quasar [OII] 3728, iii) [OIII] 4960,5008 emission, and iv)
cross-correlation (with a master quasar template) that includes, at increasing
quasar redshift, the prominent MgII 2799, CIII] 1908 and CIV 1549 emission
lines, are established as a function of quasar redshift and luminosity. New
redshifts in the resulting catalogue possess systematic biases a factor of ~20
lower compared to the SDSS redshift values; systematic effects are reduced to
the level of Dz/(1+z)<10^-4 (30km/s) per unit redshift, or <2.5x10^-5 per unit
absolute magnitude. Redshift errors, including components due both to internal
reproducibility and the intrinsic quasar-to-quasar variation among the
population, are available for all quasars in the catalogue. The improved
redshifts and their associated errors have wide applicability in areas such as
quasar absorption outflows, quasar clustering, quasar-galaxy clustering and
proximity-effect determinations.Comment: Accepted to MNRAS. The QSO redshift catalogue and QSO template
spectrum can be downloaded from ftp://ftp.ast.cam.ac.uk/pub/phewett/ until
1st May 201
Issues Involved in Faculty Implementation of Community Service-Learning in Teacher Education
This study examined how teacher education faculty from 21 institutions attempted to implement the curricular innovation of community service-learning. Faculty\u27s biggest successes were implementation of program/course changes, increased collaborations on campus or in the community, and perceived positive impact on pre-service teachers. Barriers to implementation included time, resistance, or inertia on the part of colleagues, limited finances, and other reform efforts and commitments that demanded immediate attention. The study highlights several key factors that contributed to faculty success: faculty ownership and involvement in decision making, site-specific professional development opportunities, resources to support faculty \u27s efforts, and written plans for implementation
Issues Involved in Faculty Implementation of Community Service-Learning in Teacher Education
This study examined how teacher education faculty from 21 institutions attempted to implement the curricular innovation of community service-learning. Faculty\u27s biggest successes were implementation of program/course changes, increased collaborations on campus or in the community, and perceived positive impact on pre-service teachers. Barriers to implementation included time, resistance, or inertia on the part of colleagues, limited finances, and other reform efforts and commitments that demanded immediate attention. The study highlights several key factors that contributed to faculty success: faculty ownership and involvement in decision making, site-specific professional development opportunities, resources to support faculty \u27s efforts, and written plans for implementation
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